ABSTRACT
Dietary concentrate level, forage quality, and production system can have a great
effect on tissue loss and gain by lactating goats in addition to milk yield and composition.
Opportunities for enhanced performance with high concentrate levels are greater in
early than late lactation, with high milk production potential, although there might
be an advantage in efficiency of energy use in late lactation when tissue is often
replenished. Effects of by-product and alternative feedstuffs on conditions such as
ruminal methane emission, milk fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition, and antioxidant
status depend on major and minor constituents and what they are substituted for. Research
on minor dietary ingredients such as probiotics and plant secondary metabolites is
likely to increase with decreased use of synthetic antimicrobials, although specific
components responsible for effects are sometimes unclear. In addition to the FA profile
of feedstuffs, conditions including dietary concentrate level, supplemental FA sources,
and levels of plant secondary metabolites can influence bioactive ruminal biohydrogenation
intermediates that decrease de novo FA synthesis in the mammary gland. Supplementation
with sources of conjugated linoleic acid has been studied, but use is not common,
probably because of less change in milk fat content and FA composition compared with
cattle, different considerations regarding tissue mobilization in early lactation
with appropriate feeding management practices, and limited or no benefit from low-fat
milk. However, inclusion of moderate dietary levels of oils and other fat sources
for purposes such as increased energy density, improved palatability, and decreased
dustiness is widespread.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
July 11,
2016
Received:
May 17,
2016
Identification
Copyright
Copyright © 2016, American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists. All rights reserved.
