ABSTRACT
Objective
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Implications and Applications
Key words:
INTRODUCTION
Stewart, R. L., Jr., and J. Rossi. 2022. Using cotton byproducts in beef cattle diets. University of Georgia Extension Bulletin 1311. Accessed Mar. 21, 2022. https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B1311.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experiment 1: Cattle Consumption of Cotton Crop Residue
Animal Care and Use.
Animals and Treatments.
Sample Collection.
Additionally, cotton residual samples were analyzed for nutrient content. A representative sample was collected by starting in each corner of the field and walking to the adjacent corner, in the shape of an X, collecting material every 40 steps. At each location, a hand-grab sample was collected, to mimic the selection of edible material, similar to what the cows would select. This included lint, seed, and leaf. Samples were weighed, dried at 60°C for 24 h, and submitted to the Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratory at the University of Georgia (Athens, GA) to be analyzed via wet chemistry. Each year, a cotton residue sample was submitted to the Georgia Department of Agriculture (Atlanta, GA) for pesticide screening. No compounds were detected in any year above stated tolerance levels (
Code of Federal Regulations. 2022. Tolerances and Exemption for Pesticide Chemical Residues in Food. Title 40, Chapter 1, Subchapter E, Part 180. Accessed Mar. 1, 2022. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-E/part-180/subpart-C?toc=1.
Animal and Hay Management.
Statistical Analysis.
Experiment 2: In Vitro Fermentations
Animal Care and Use.
Treatments and Stock Solution.
Sample Preparation.
Ruminal Fluid Collection and Bottle Preparation.
IVDMD and pH.
VFA and Ammonia Nitrogen.
Statistical Analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Experiment 1
Cotton Crop Residue.
University of Georgia Weather Network (UGAWN). 2020. Historical Data. Accessed Mar. 28, 2020. www.weather.uga.edu/?variable=HI&site=WATUSDA.
Nutrient Analysis and Gossypol.
NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2016. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 7th ed. Natl. Acad. Press. www.doi.org/10.17226/9791.
Component, kg/ha | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | SEM | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seed | 248.8b | 130.0c | 317.3a | 22.7 | <0.001 |
Lint | 252.5b | 129.1c | 328.0a | 21.6 | <0.001 |
Boll/leaf | 571.6a | 413.7b | 575.2a | 47.9 | 0.049 |
Stalks | 2,392.2a | 701.9c | 1,259.1b | 124.7 | <0.001 |
Edible residue | 1,073.0a | 670.8b | 1,220.5a | 80.4 | <0.001 |
Chemistry analysis | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cotton | Hay | Cotton | Hay | Cotton | Hay | |||||||||
WB | P1 | WB | P1 | WB | P1 | |||||||||
Crude protein, % | 24.1 | 22.9 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 14.3 | 11.2 | 10.7 | 11.2 | 9.8 | |||||
Crude fiber, % | 38.4 | 37.8 | 28.5 | 50.2 | 47.9 | 30.5 | 49.8 | 56.4 | 29.1 | |||||
Acid detergent fiber, % | 56.4 | 58.1 | 37.5 | 64.0 | 60.9 | 39.0 | 63.3 | 60.7 | 37.1 | |||||
Neutral detergent fiber, % | 66.6 | 65.4 | 62.0 | 65.7 | 66.3 | 66.9 | 70.4 | 70.0 | 63.4 | |||||
Total fat, % | 5.69 | 8.35 | — | 5.75 | 5.95 | — | 5.77 | 7.69 | — | |||||
Total digestible nutrients, % | 62.7 | 62.9 | 59.0 | 59.7 | 59.6 | 56.5 | 56.5 | 56.8 | 57.5 | |||||
NEm, Mcal/kg | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.22 | |||||
NEg, Mcal/kg | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.65 | |||||
Gossypol, % | ||||||||||||||
Free | 0.73 | 0.82 | — | 0.66 | 0.73 | — | 1.13 | 1.05 | — | |||||
Total | 1.12 | 1.17 | — | 0.79 | 0.87 | — | 1.35 | 1.19 | — |
Cow Performance.
- Cranston J.J.
- Rivera J.D.
- Galyean M.L.
- Brashears M.M.
- Brooks J.C.
- Markham C.E.
- McBeth L.J.
- Krehbiel C.R.
Weight, kg | GR | CT | SEM | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | 557 | 560 | 11.7 | 0.858 |
End | 584 | 578 | 11.8 | 0.701 |
ADG | 0.87 | 0.59 | 1.10 | 0.104 |
Hay and Economic Analysis.
Stewart, R. L., Jr., and J. Rossi. 2022. Using cotton byproducts in beef cattle diets. University of Georgia Extension Bulletin 1311. Accessed Mar. 21, 2022. https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B1311.
Variable | GR | CT | SEM | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total hay, kg | 4,185a | 1,391b | 562 | 0.013 |
Hay per day, kg | 136.11a | 46.37b | 19.58 | 0.018 |
Hay/head per day, kg | 16.22a | 5.69b | 0.59 | <0.001 |
Total hay cost, $ | 461.33a | 153.32b | 62.01 | 0.013 |
Cost/head per day, $ | 1.79a | 0.63b | 0.06 | <0.001 |
Cost of gain, $/kg | 2.37a | 1.09b | 0.17 | 0.002 |
Experiment 2
IVDMD.

Fermentation pH.
- Bhatta R.
- Uyeno Y.
- Tajima K.
- Takenaka A.
- Yabumoto Y.
- Nonaka I.
- Enishi O.
- Kurihara M.
Item | Gossypol content | SEM | P-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0× | 1× | 2× | 3× | 4× | |||
pH | 6.48z | 6.49z | 6.53yz | 6.55yz | 6.60y | 0.02 | 0.082 |
Ammonia nitrogen | 26.2 | 24.6 | 23.5 | 25.1 | 25.0 | 1.5 | 0.786 |
Acetate | 42.0a | 38.6ab | 33.3bc | 29.1cd | 24.7d | 1.9 | 0.001 |
Butyrate | 4.2y | 3.2yz | 2.4z | 2.6z | 2.1z | 0.5 | 0.086 |
Propionate | 9.6a | 8.9a | 8.9a | 7.3a | 3.5b | 0.9 | 0.012 |
Total VFA | 57.0a | 51.6ab | 45.3bc | 39.8c | 31.2d | 2.3 | <0.001 |
Ammonia Nitrogen.
- Bhatta R.
- Uyeno Y.
- Tajima K.
- Takenaka A.
- Yabumoto Y.
- Nonaka I.
- Enishi O.
- Kurihara M.
VFA Production.
APPLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LITERATURE CITED
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Footnotes
The authors have not declared any conflicts of interest.